AP CHEMISTRY
Advanced Placement (AP) Chemistry 2012-2013
Mr. Gutierrez
[email protected]
http://mrgchem.weebly.com
(908)-248-4329
Class Description
Classes and labs will meet Monday through Friday, during 8th and 9th period.
The AP Chemistry course is designed to be the equivalent of a general chemistry course usually taken during the first year of college. For some students, this course enables them to undertake, in their first year, second-year work in the chemistry sequence at their institution or to register in courses in other fields where general chemistry is a prerequisite. The AP Chemistry course fulfills the laboratory science requirement and frees time for other courses. Students will attain a depth of understanding of fundamentals and a reasonable competence in dealing with chemical problems. This course will contribute to the development of your abilities to think clearly and to express your ideas, orally and in writing, with clarity and logic. Quantitative differences appear in the number of topics treated, the time spent on the course by students, and the nature and the variety of experiments done in the laboratory. The course will place special emphasis on applying mathematics to problem solving and as a means of expressing and modeling scientific inquiry. It will also provide an in depth treatment of atomic structure, gas laws, thermodynamics, stoichiometry, kinetics, equilibria, oxidation-reduction and electrochemistry.
Course Expectations
AP Chemistry can be a very challenging course and it will most likely be different from most of your high school courses. As mentioned above in the course description, this class will be equivalent to a first-year college course. With this considered, I will treat you all as if we are in a university setting and I expect everyone in the class to behave like the young adults that you are. Be prepared to work hard! This class will most definitely be time consuming and you may not have as much free time as you did before. ALL of you are capable of doing well in this course as long as you are willing to give 100%. Do not be afraid to come ask for extra help. I expect many of you to come for extra tutoring hours. As the day of the exam comes closer, after school review sessions will be offered and all of you are encouraged to attend.
Course Objectives
1. Provide students with a solid foundation in chemical concepts
2. Empower students to become confident problem solvers
3. Engage students in laboratory activities commonly done in first-year college courses
4. Prepare students to score a 4 or 5 on the AP Chemistry exam
Textbook
Chemistry. Chang, Raymond. Goldsby, Kenneth A.
Required Materials
1. Notebook or binder for organizing notes
2. Pen or pencil
3. Calculator (preferably a graphing calculator like the TI-89)
4. Lab Notebook (separate from your class notes)
Grading Policy
1. Quizzes, Exams, and Lab Reports – 40%. Quizzes will be given weekly and will serve as a measure of your understanding of that week’s material. Expect to receive a unit exam at the conclusion of each major topic. The format of the exams will be similar to that of the AP exam so you are familiar with the exam format.
2. Benchmark Exam – 30%
3. Homework/Classwork – 30%. The purpose of classwork and homework is to practice what you have learned in class and to make sure you have a thorough understanding of the material.
Schedule of Topics
This schedule is tentative and may be subject to change.
Week
Topic(s)
9/10
-Review of CP Chemistry (stoichiometry, measurements, scientific notation, conversions, and nomenclature)
Unit#1: Atomic Theory and Structure
Unit#2: Chemical Bonding
Unit#3: The Gaseous State
Unit#4: Solids and Liquids
· Phase diagrams
· Changes of state
· Structure of solids and lattice energy
11/19
Unit#5: Solutions
Unit#6: Thermodynamics/Thermochemistry
Unit#7: Chemical Kinetics
Unit#8: Chemical Equilibrium
Unit#9: Acids and Bases
Unit#10: Acids and Bases Equilibria
Unit#11: Electrochemistry
Unit#12: Organic Chemistry
Unit#13: Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry
Unit#14: Nuclear Chemistry
Atomic Structure, Stoichiometry, and Chemical Bonding Review
3/18
Chemical Equilibrium and Acids/Bases Review
3/25
Chemical Kinetics and Thermodynamics Review
4/8
Liquids, Gases, and Solutions Review
4/15
Electrochemistry Review
4/22
AP Exam Review Part I
4/29
AP Exam Review Part II
5/6 at 8 a.m.
AP Chemistry Exam (location TBD)
5/14
Organic Chemistry
5/21 – 6/21
End of Year Project(s)
Laboratory
Laboratory activities are an integral component of a chemistry course. The goal of the labs is to reinforce the concepts you have learned in class as well as for you to become competent in using common chemistry lab equipment. A safety contract must be signed before you can start working on labs. As it was an issue in the past, the labs we do will depend on the lab equipment and chemicals that is available. I will do everything I can to gather all the required materials. The AP Chemistry exam WILL test your laboratory knowledge so make sure you pay attention when you do them!
All pre-lab assignments MUST be done before the day of lab. Knowing exactly what to do and understanding the procedures and concepts well will save you a lot of time. Prepare all necessary data tables in your lab notebook. For all labs, you MUST wear an apron/lab coat, goggles, closed-toe footwear (no sandals, flip flops, chankletas, or anything that exposes your feet), long-sleeves and pants.
You will be evaluated on the following: how well you perform each procedure, the organization and clarity of your lab notebook, the accuracy of your data, how well you work with your partner(s), and the quality of your lab report. More details on the grading criteria will be will be provided in the future. NOTE: Maintaining an accurate, organized, and clear lab notebook is NECESSARY. Some colleges/universities will request that you provide a lab notebook in order to receive college credit. DO NOT throw away this lab notebook!
Tentative Lab Schedule*
*Will be determined by lab equipment/chemical availability. Navigate to "Laboratory Section" for updated lab information.
Topic and Related Experiment
Measurement and Units
· Measuring Volumes and Masses/Lab Safety Review
Atomic Structure
· Online Emission Tube Spectra Exercise (Virtual Lab)
Chemical Bonding
· Molecular Geometry (Keefer)
· Nonpolar and Polar Covalent Bonds (Herr)
· Covalent and Ionic Bonds (Herr)
· Intermolecular Forces (Herr)
The Gaseous State
· Molar Mass of a Volatile Liquid (Colkmire)
Solids and Liquids
· Molar Mass by Freezing-Point Depression (KM)
Thermodynamics/Thermochemistry
· Heats of Reaction (KM)
· Finding the Ratio of Moles of Reactants in a Chemical Reaction (KM)
Chemical Kinetics
· Iodine Clock Reaction (BrownU)
Chemical Equilibrium
· Determination of the Equilibrium Constant for a Chemical Reaction (Colkmire)
· Stresses Applied to Equilibrium Systems (Colkmire)
Solutions
· Factors Affecting Solubility
· The Solubility Product of Silver Acetate (Colkmire)
Acids and Bases
· Acids and Bases pH Lab (Passaic)
Acids and Bases Equilibria
· The Standardization of a Basic Solution and the Determination of the Molar Mass of an Acid (KM)
· Hydrolysis of Salts (Keefer)
Electrochemistry
· Electrochemical Cells (KM)
· Electroplating (KM)
Organic Chemistry
· Ester Formation (Flinn)
Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry
· Coordination Compounds
AP Chemistry Exam
The 2013 AP Chemistry exam will take place at 8 am on Monday, May 6, 2013. (Location is to be determined.) The AP Chemistry Exam has two main parts, Section I and Section II, that contribute equally (50 percent each) toward the final score. Section I consists of 75 multiple choice questions that cover a broad range of topics. Section II consists of six free response questions: three multipart quantitative questions, one question on writing balanced chemical equations and answering a short question for three different sets of reactants, and two multipart questions that are essentially nonquantitative.
Receiving College Course Credit
Due to the rigorous nature of AP chemistry, you will be much more prepared to tackle a first-year college chemistry course or skip it altogether. Most colleges and universities grant course credit to students who achieve a score of 3 or higher. AP credit policy varies greatly among institutions. For more information about an institution’s AP credit policy, visit their website.
Academic Dishonesty
You are some of the brightest students in the Halsey Academy of Finance and hence, there is absolutely no reason for any of you to cheat. Any form of academic dishonesty will NOT be tolerated. Colleges and universities have extremely strict policies regarding academic dishonesty. It is not uncommon for students caught cheating to either be expelled or fail for the entire semester. Please make sure that all work you submit is your work only unless I specifically instruct you to work collaboratively.
Tips for Studying Chemistry:
Result (Grade) = Effort of Student x (Text Quality + Time of Day of Class + Teacher + #. of Friends in Class + you fill in the blank)
The point is that the most important variable here is YOUR EFFORT! If your effort is zero, then your grade will be zero.
AP Chemistry is different from any other science course you have taken:
The material is new and more abstract, More problem solving, More math.
Therefore, you need to approach Chemistry with a more serious attitude and:
1) Be consistent in your study efforts.
2) Practice, practice and practice those homework problems!
I find that the most common reasons for failure are:
1) Too little study time. We recommend that you study a minimum of 15 minutes per night, for a total of 75 minutes per week. All of us tend to underestimate how much time we study. Remember, Einstein said that 99 % of success is perspiration and 1% is inspiration. Reading your notes as a method of study is worse than useless unless you have a photographic memory. ACTIVE studying is the only method that really works.
2) Lack of student preparation. I find that the major deficit is math skills. You need to be comfortable with numbers and basic algebra.
3) Lack of consistent effort. Chemistry is not a good class to cram in. Study regularly and consistently. Our brains work in-between study times, i.e. in the shower, while walking to class, etc. It’s amazing how sometimes our brain just needs simple time to digest a concept. Make your time work for you.
4) The wrong approach to studying. Rereading the text and taking notes from the text are not the best way to study.
Chemistry is not a spectator sport. The most important thing you can do for your learning is to do the homework problems and practice tests.
5) Overconfidence in understanding the material. It is fine to start solving problems with the teacher’s guidance, but you must put in time at home. On the test, you need to be able to do homework problems without the teacher’s help.
Here are some ideas for ensuring your success in Chemistry:
1) Come to after-school help with specific questions about the course material and homework problems.
2) Rewrite your class-notes and rework through the class exercises.
3) In order to understand a concept rather than simply memorize a definition, try either writing an explanation in your own words or explaining it to someone else.
4) Study groups can be good because many of us learn by talking and discussing. However, beware that this can be a timewaster if you tend to drift away from chemistry.
5) Retake old quizzes, old tests and review sheets.
6) Buy the review book and do the problems in there.
7) Distill your notes into graphic organizers such as attribute webs, flow charts and Venn diagrams.
8) Create a “cheat sheet” in which you will have all of the things you need to know for the test.
9) After doing several problems, create new ones to do by taking existing questions and changing the numbers. When you get good at that, then try creating brand-new problems of your own.
10) Be prepared to do work in class and pay attention to all details being presented. Ask questions when you need to.
Mr. Gutierrez
[email protected]
http://mrgchem.weebly.com
(908)-248-4329
Class Description
Classes and labs will meet Monday through Friday, during 8th and 9th period.
The AP Chemistry course is designed to be the equivalent of a general chemistry course usually taken during the first year of college. For some students, this course enables them to undertake, in their first year, second-year work in the chemistry sequence at their institution or to register in courses in other fields where general chemistry is a prerequisite. The AP Chemistry course fulfills the laboratory science requirement and frees time for other courses. Students will attain a depth of understanding of fundamentals and a reasonable competence in dealing with chemical problems. This course will contribute to the development of your abilities to think clearly and to express your ideas, orally and in writing, with clarity and logic. Quantitative differences appear in the number of topics treated, the time spent on the course by students, and the nature and the variety of experiments done in the laboratory. The course will place special emphasis on applying mathematics to problem solving and as a means of expressing and modeling scientific inquiry. It will also provide an in depth treatment of atomic structure, gas laws, thermodynamics, stoichiometry, kinetics, equilibria, oxidation-reduction and electrochemistry.
Course Expectations
AP Chemistry can be a very challenging course and it will most likely be different from most of your high school courses. As mentioned above in the course description, this class will be equivalent to a first-year college course. With this considered, I will treat you all as if we are in a university setting and I expect everyone in the class to behave like the young adults that you are. Be prepared to work hard! This class will most definitely be time consuming and you may not have as much free time as you did before. ALL of you are capable of doing well in this course as long as you are willing to give 100%. Do not be afraid to come ask for extra help. I expect many of you to come for extra tutoring hours. As the day of the exam comes closer, after school review sessions will be offered and all of you are encouraged to attend.
Course Objectives
1. Provide students with a solid foundation in chemical concepts
2. Empower students to become confident problem solvers
3. Engage students in laboratory activities commonly done in first-year college courses
4. Prepare students to score a 4 or 5 on the AP Chemistry exam
Textbook
Chemistry. Chang, Raymond. Goldsby, Kenneth A.
Required Materials
1. Notebook or binder for organizing notes
2. Pen or pencil
3. Calculator (preferably a graphing calculator like the TI-89)
4. Lab Notebook (separate from your class notes)
Grading Policy
1. Quizzes, Exams, and Lab Reports – 40%. Quizzes will be given weekly and will serve as a measure of your understanding of that week’s material. Expect to receive a unit exam at the conclusion of each major topic. The format of the exams will be similar to that of the AP exam so you are familiar with the exam format.
2. Benchmark Exam – 30%
3. Homework/Classwork – 30%. The purpose of classwork and homework is to practice what you have learned in class and to make sure you have a thorough understanding of the material.
Schedule of Topics
This schedule is tentative and may be subject to change.
Week
Topic(s)
9/10
-Review of CP Chemistry (stoichiometry, measurements, scientific notation, conversions, and nomenclature)
Unit#1: Atomic Theory and Structure
- Evidence for atomic theory
- Atomic masses
- Atomic number and mass number
- Atomic orbitals and electron energy levels
- Aufbau Principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle, Hund’s Rule
- Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, Wave-Particle Duality
- Coulomb’s Law
- Periodic Trends (atomic radii, ionization energy, electron affinity, oxidation state)
Unit#2: Chemical Bonding
- Types of bonds and bonding forces
- Intermolecular Forces
- Molecular Models (Hybridization, molecular orbital theory)
- VSEPR Theory
- Polarity
- Relation of molecular structure to physical properties
Unit#3: The Gaseous State
- Kinetic Molecular Theory
- Gas Laws (Boyle's law, Charles’ Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law)
- Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
- Ideal Gas Law
Unit#4: Solids and Liquids
· Phase diagrams
· Changes of state
· Structure of solids and lattice energy
11/19
Unit#5: Solutions
- Types of solutions
- Factors affecting solubility
- Molarity, molality, mole fraction, and density calculations
- Solubility product
- Precipitation reactions
- Raoult’s Law and colligative properties
- Nonideal behavior
Unit#6: Thermodynamics/Thermochemistry
- Thermal energy, heat, and temperature
- Calorimetry
- State functions
- Laws of Thermodynamics (Enthalpy and Entropy)
- Gibbs’ Free Energy and Spontaneity
- Hess’ Law
Unit#7: Chemical Kinetics
- Rate of Reaction
- Order of Reaction and Rate Law
- Factors that affect rate of reaction
- Reaction mechanism
Unit#8: Chemical Equilibrium
- Dynamic equilibrium
- Le Chatelier’s Law
- Equilibrium Constants
Unit#9: Acids and Bases
- Acids and Bases Theory: Arrhenius, Lowry-Bronsted, and Lewis Theories
- Properties of acids and bases
- Strengths of acids and bases
Unit#10: Acids and Bases Equilibria
- Calculating pH, pOH, and acid/base equilibrium constants
- Buffer systems
- Calculating pH and pOH for weak acids/bases
- Titration
Unit#11: Electrochemistry
- Oxidation/reduction reactions
- Cell potential
- Balancing redox reactions
- Galvanic cells
- Electrolytic cells
Unit#12: Organic Chemistry
- Nomenclature
- Identifying functional groups
Unit#13: Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry
- Names and structures of complex ions
- Bonding in coordination systems
- Formation of complex ions
Unit#14: Nuclear Chemistry
- Nuclear Equations
- Half-lives
- Radioactivity
- Chemical application
Atomic Structure, Stoichiometry, and Chemical Bonding Review
3/18
Chemical Equilibrium and Acids/Bases Review
3/25
Chemical Kinetics and Thermodynamics Review
4/8
Liquids, Gases, and Solutions Review
4/15
Electrochemistry Review
4/22
AP Exam Review Part I
4/29
AP Exam Review Part II
5/6 at 8 a.m.
AP Chemistry Exam (location TBD)
5/14
Organic Chemistry
5/21 – 6/21
End of Year Project(s)
Laboratory
Laboratory activities are an integral component of a chemistry course. The goal of the labs is to reinforce the concepts you have learned in class as well as for you to become competent in using common chemistry lab equipment. A safety contract must be signed before you can start working on labs. As it was an issue in the past, the labs we do will depend on the lab equipment and chemicals that is available. I will do everything I can to gather all the required materials. The AP Chemistry exam WILL test your laboratory knowledge so make sure you pay attention when you do them!
All pre-lab assignments MUST be done before the day of lab. Knowing exactly what to do and understanding the procedures and concepts well will save you a lot of time. Prepare all necessary data tables in your lab notebook. For all labs, you MUST wear an apron/lab coat, goggles, closed-toe footwear (no sandals, flip flops, chankletas, or anything that exposes your feet), long-sleeves and pants.
You will be evaluated on the following: how well you perform each procedure, the organization and clarity of your lab notebook, the accuracy of your data, how well you work with your partner(s), and the quality of your lab report. More details on the grading criteria will be will be provided in the future. NOTE: Maintaining an accurate, organized, and clear lab notebook is NECESSARY. Some colleges/universities will request that you provide a lab notebook in order to receive college credit. DO NOT throw away this lab notebook!
Tentative Lab Schedule*
*Will be determined by lab equipment/chemical availability. Navigate to "Laboratory Section" for updated lab information.
Topic and Related Experiment
Measurement and Units
· Measuring Volumes and Masses/Lab Safety Review
Atomic Structure
· Online Emission Tube Spectra Exercise (Virtual Lab)
Chemical Bonding
· Molecular Geometry (Keefer)
· Nonpolar and Polar Covalent Bonds (Herr)
· Covalent and Ionic Bonds (Herr)
· Intermolecular Forces (Herr)
The Gaseous State
· Molar Mass of a Volatile Liquid (Colkmire)
Solids and Liquids
· Molar Mass by Freezing-Point Depression (KM)
Thermodynamics/Thermochemistry
· Heats of Reaction (KM)
· Finding the Ratio of Moles of Reactants in a Chemical Reaction (KM)
Chemical Kinetics
· Iodine Clock Reaction (BrownU)
Chemical Equilibrium
· Determination of the Equilibrium Constant for a Chemical Reaction (Colkmire)
· Stresses Applied to Equilibrium Systems (Colkmire)
Solutions
· Factors Affecting Solubility
· The Solubility Product of Silver Acetate (Colkmire)
Acids and Bases
· Acids and Bases pH Lab (Passaic)
Acids and Bases Equilibria
· The Standardization of a Basic Solution and the Determination of the Molar Mass of an Acid (KM)
· Hydrolysis of Salts (Keefer)
Electrochemistry
· Electrochemical Cells (KM)
· Electroplating (KM)
Organic Chemistry
· Ester Formation (Flinn)
Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry
· Coordination Compounds
AP Chemistry Exam
The 2013 AP Chemistry exam will take place at 8 am on Monday, May 6, 2013. (Location is to be determined.) The AP Chemistry Exam has two main parts, Section I and Section II, that contribute equally (50 percent each) toward the final score. Section I consists of 75 multiple choice questions that cover a broad range of topics. Section II consists of six free response questions: three multipart quantitative questions, one question on writing balanced chemical equations and answering a short question for three different sets of reactants, and two multipart questions that are essentially nonquantitative.
Receiving College Course Credit
Due to the rigorous nature of AP chemistry, you will be much more prepared to tackle a first-year college chemistry course or skip it altogether. Most colleges and universities grant course credit to students who achieve a score of 3 or higher. AP credit policy varies greatly among institutions. For more information about an institution’s AP credit policy, visit their website.
Academic Dishonesty
You are some of the brightest students in the Halsey Academy of Finance and hence, there is absolutely no reason for any of you to cheat. Any form of academic dishonesty will NOT be tolerated. Colleges and universities have extremely strict policies regarding academic dishonesty. It is not uncommon for students caught cheating to either be expelled or fail for the entire semester. Please make sure that all work you submit is your work only unless I specifically instruct you to work collaboratively.
Tips for Studying Chemistry:
Result (Grade) = Effort of Student x (Text Quality + Time of Day of Class + Teacher + #. of Friends in Class + you fill in the blank)
The point is that the most important variable here is YOUR EFFORT! If your effort is zero, then your grade will be zero.
AP Chemistry is different from any other science course you have taken:
The material is new and more abstract, More problem solving, More math.
Therefore, you need to approach Chemistry with a more serious attitude and:
1) Be consistent in your study efforts.
2) Practice, practice and practice those homework problems!
I find that the most common reasons for failure are:
1) Too little study time. We recommend that you study a minimum of 15 minutes per night, for a total of 75 minutes per week. All of us tend to underestimate how much time we study. Remember, Einstein said that 99 % of success is perspiration and 1% is inspiration. Reading your notes as a method of study is worse than useless unless you have a photographic memory. ACTIVE studying is the only method that really works.
2) Lack of student preparation. I find that the major deficit is math skills. You need to be comfortable with numbers and basic algebra.
3) Lack of consistent effort. Chemistry is not a good class to cram in. Study regularly and consistently. Our brains work in-between study times, i.e. in the shower, while walking to class, etc. It’s amazing how sometimes our brain just needs simple time to digest a concept. Make your time work for you.
4) The wrong approach to studying. Rereading the text and taking notes from the text are not the best way to study.
Chemistry is not a spectator sport. The most important thing you can do for your learning is to do the homework problems and practice tests.
5) Overconfidence in understanding the material. It is fine to start solving problems with the teacher’s guidance, but you must put in time at home. On the test, you need to be able to do homework problems without the teacher’s help.
Here are some ideas for ensuring your success in Chemistry:
1) Come to after-school help with specific questions about the course material and homework problems.
2) Rewrite your class-notes and rework through the class exercises.
3) In order to understand a concept rather than simply memorize a definition, try either writing an explanation in your own words or explaining it to someone else.
4) Study groups can be good because many of us learn by talking and discussing. However, beware that this can be a timewaster if you tend to drift away from chemistry.
5) Retake old quizzes, old tests and review sheets.
6) Buy the review book and do the problems in there.
7) Distill your notes into graphic organizers such as attribute webs, flow charts and Venn diagrams.
8) Create a “cheat sheet” in which you will have all of the things you need to know for the test.
9) After doing several problems, create new ones to do by taking existing questions and changing the numbers. When you get good at that, then try creating brand-new problems of your own.
10) Be prepared to do work in class and pay attention to all details being presented. Ask questions when you need to.
